Risk factors

A risk is a probability of developing an outcome, based on the exposure to the risk factor. The measure of risk developed by researchers is based on averages from large samples, but may not always apply to each individual. It is often not possible to know if specific risk factors will have the same outcome for different individuals. For example, while smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer, not all smokers develop lung cancer. Similarly, some people who have never smoked develop lung cancer, but on average across large populations, we know that smoking is a very strong risk factor for lung cancer.

A comprehensive review of international research literature has identified that there are both risk and protective factors for Alzheimer’s disease.  The risk factors included in the ANU-ADRI are those for which evidence is now strong. There are other risk factors for which evidence is still being obtained and it is likely that these will be added to the ANU-ADRI at a later date.  Several of the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease are also risk factors for vascular dementia. Identified protective and risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease include:

Protective factors

Risk factors

Updated:  6 September 2013/ Responsible Officer:  Responsible Officer/ Page Contact:  DCRC ANU